UCS transformation format
<standard, character> (UTF) A set of standard character encodings in accordance with ISO 10646.
One of a set of standard character encodings, the most widely used of which are UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32.
The code tables in ISO 10646 and in the Unicode standard are identical, although the Unicode standard includes additional material.
UTF-8 is the most widely used encoding, at least on Unix systems.
Since it does not include any bytes like '\0' or '/' which have a special meaning in filenames and other C library function parameters, and 7-bit ASCII characters have the same encoding under both ASCII and UTF-8, the required changes to existing software are minimised.
Other UTFs: UTF-1 and UTF-7 are not widely used.
UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux (http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#ucs).
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